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Before the integration of Gambella to the Ethiopian kingdom, the region was occupied by five groups, mainly the Anuak and the Nuer. They still live in this region, between Ethiopia and Sudan.
The Nuer were nomads and pastoralists. The ‘grand-father’ of anthropology Evans-Pritchard studied the Nuers in the 1930’s. He showed that Nuer society is a “segmentary”: that means the society is organized by groups of genealogic lineage. Groups makes alliances based on exchanges of cattle… in brief, cattle is one of the most important ressource of the region… and a matter of war!